Sunday, November 25, 2012

Diet - not the solution



According to a study conducted by the U.S. Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), in 2007 conclusively proved that the diet is not only not good for you, but perhaps, as suggested by the researchers, and even harmful.

latter stage of the evaluation evidence in the GRADE system includes an analysis of the benefits derived from treatment, compared to the potential harm caused to them. As we saw earlier, the benefits of the diet are minimal. Sustained weight loss was found in only a small minority of participants, while the second weight gain was observed in the majority. Was not obtained consistent results in favor of any of the health benefits, and those that were received, not too often kept in long-term observation, and very few studies have failed to demonstrate a clinically significant health benefits that remain after weight regain. health benefits even a small weight loss is widely touted as the cause of dieting (Institute of Medicine, 1995), and indeed many short-term randomized studies demonstrate the advantages.For example, short-term weight loss, appears to improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (or at risk of developing the disease) (Torgerson, Hauptman, Boldrin, & Sjostrom, 2004; Williams & Kelley, 2000), eases the symptoms of osteoarthritis ( Felson, Zhang, Anthony, Naimark, & Anderson, 1992) and lowers blood pressure (Schotte & Stunkard, 1990). However, short-term study on the benefits of weight loss for health does not answer the question, what happens when the weight comes back. In three long-term randomized trials, we have analyzed, it was found that some of the health benefits are preserved, despite the fact that the participants gained much of the weight lost (Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group, 2002; Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group, 1990; Stamler et al., 1987). However, from the reports of these studies it is unclear whether the beneficial effects of the result of diet, exercise, reducing salt intake / alcohol or use of drugs for hypertension. In other studies we analyzed were found information confirming the benefits of diet to health, persisting after weight gain. Perhaps, as some suggest, the diet is beneficial mainly to certain groups of obese people with underlying medical conditions (Lissner, Steen, & Brownell, 1992). 's also possible that weight gain leads to health problems in itself. Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the diet should take into account the potential harm-reset cycle of weight gain. Such loops are often observed in patients on a diet (Brownell & Rodin, 1994; National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, 1994). There is evidence from observations on the basis of large-scale studies that cyclic discharge kits weight associated with increased mortality due to any cause (Blair, Shaten, Brownell, Collins, & Lissner, 1993; Lee & Paffenbarger, 1992), and increased mortality from cardiovascular disease (Hamm, Shekelle, & Stamler, 1989). In addition, the cyclical fluctuations in weight are associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes (French et al., 1997), an increase in HDL-cholesterol (Olson et al., 2000), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Kajioka, Tsuzuku, Shimokata, & Sato, 2002) and even suppression of immune function (Shade et al., 2004). often assumed that the harmful effects of cyclical variations in weight seen from unintentional weight loss (for example, smoking or disease), and not subject to a special diet (French & Jeffery, 1994; National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, 1994). However, at least two large-scale studies that take into account unintended weight loss, it was still found that any weight loss is associated with increased risk of mortality (Andres, Muller, & Sorkin, 1993; Pamuk, Williamson, Serdula, Madans, & Byers , 1993), and evidence of biased in favor of that intentional weight loss leads to adverse health outcomes. In sum, the potential impact of diet on weight in the long term is minimal evidence of the potential benefits of diet on health are unclear and lack of coordination, and the potential harm to cyclical fluctuations weight, although not definitively proven to cause great concern. The advantages of a diet is just too small, and the potential harm of a diet too high to recommend it as a safe and effective treatment for obesity. solutions to health problems associated with obesity, further studies are needed in three areas. It is clear that the diet does not lead to sustained weight loss in most people, so it needs to study the impact of diet on weight.Recommendation more research is probably not justified, since it was noted that studies of diets "increased methodological rigor, apparently, leads to worse results» (Kramer et al., 1989, p. 126). We do not believe that further study of existing diets lead to a different assessment, and do not think that will be a new formula diet that will yield better results. Instead, we recommend researchers to long-term randomized trials of weight loss effects on health, with a particular focus on then remains whether short-term health benefits after weight regain. To do this, measure health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose, and the effect on the disease, and, in addition, to assess whether the benefit of weight loss in obese people as a whole or only those with risk factors for certain diseases . Researchers should make every effort to minimize the distortion of the facts leading to overly optimistic statements about the success of diets (eg, a low percentage of participants that came up after the diet, independent indication of the weight members, participation in other diets and diet mixed with exercise .) Second, although we do not recommend further study of the effect of diet on weight loss, still need to study the effects of weight regain health. As most people on a diet tend to gain most of the weight loss, no diet can not be recommended without potential harm cyclic discharge-weight gain. Necessary to continue research to study the effects of cyclical variations in weight, and, in particular, the authors of this work should make concerted efforts to ensure that the separate effects of intentional weight loss from unintentional. In addition, the study of cyclical variations in weight to try to discover the mechanisms by which these fluctuations affect health. To date, such studies have conflicting results (Brownell & Rodin, 1994; National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, 1994). Finally, as noted earlier, the exercise may well be an effective factor leading to sustained weight loss especially among members National Weight Control Registry (Klem, Wing, McGuire, Seagle, & Hill, 1997). A comprehensive analysis of the health effects of exercises demonstrates that in addition to the positive impact on weight, exercise can also lead to positive health outcomes, including reduced mortality, cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, high blood pressure, and improved mental health (US Department of Health and Human Services, 1996). Therefore, we propose to focus future research on exercise as a treatment for obesity. Especially recommended for randomized controlled trials in which the effect of exercise compared with the influence of diet, as well as with a combination of diet and exercise in order to exercise influence can be separated from the effects of the diet. Existing studies of the impact of diet and exercise is usually mixed, comparing the diet with complex diet and exercises (Avenell et al., 2004). These studies can not assess whether a beneficial effect exercise alone, or perhaps they are even more favorable than diet and exercise. In one study, which is to evaluate the unique contribution of exercise, comparing the participants to diet, exercise and people, combining both, a group of people engaged in sports, showed the best results in terms of maintaining long-term weight loss, than the group that combined diet and exercise (Skender et al., 1996). Further studies of this type. According to studies, studied here, people on a diet, failed to maintain a reduced weight in the long term, there was no evidence and agreed that diets lead to significant improvements in health. In some cases, when the demonstrated health benefits, no evidence was obtained, whether they are the result of diet and not physical activity, use of medication, or other lifestyle changes. Seems dietchiki who manage to maintain a reduced weight - a rare exception, not the rule. People who gained more weight after a diet than they lost, probably, are normal, and not as representatives of an unhappy minority. If Medicare is going to finance the treatment of obesity, it should lead to sustainable improvements in weight and health in most people. It seems clear that this diet does not.




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